Class TefilaRules
java.lang.Object
com.kosherjava.zmanim.hebrewcalendar.TefilaRules
Tefila Rules is a utility class that covers the various halachos and minhagim regarding
changes to daily tefila / prayers, based on the Jewish calendar. This is mostly useful for use in
developing siddur type applications, but it is also valuable for shul calendars that set
tefila times based on if tachanun is
recited that day. There are many settings in this class to cover the vast majority of minhagim, but
there are likely some not covered here. The source for many of the chasidishe minhagim can be found
in the Minhag Yisrael Torah on Orach
Chaim 131.
Dates used in specific communities such as specific yahrzeits or a holidays like Purim Mezhbizh
(Medzhybizh) celebrated on 11
Teves
or Purim Saragossa celebrated on
the (17th or) 18th of Shevat
are not (and likely will not be) supported by
this class.
Sample code:
TefilaRules tr = new TefilaRules(); JewishCalendar jewishCalendar = new JewishCalendar(); HebrewDateFormatter hdf = new HebrewDateFormatter(); jewishCalendar.setJewishDate(5783, JewishDate.TISHREI, 1); // Rosh Hashana System.out.println(hdf.format(jewishCalendar) + ": " + tr.isTachanunRecitedShacharis(jd)); jewishCalendar.setJewishDate(5783, JewishDate.ADAR, 17); System.out.println(hdf.format(jewishCalendar) + ": " + tr.isTachanunRecitedShacharis(jewishCalendar)); tr.setTachanunRecitedWeekOfPurim(false); System.out.println(hdf.format(jewishCalendar) + ": " + tr.isTachanunRecitedShacharis(jewishCalendar));
- Author:
- © Y. Paritcher 2019 - 2021, © Eliyahu Hershfeld 2019 - 2023
- TODO:
- The following items may be added at a future date.
- Lamnatzaiach
- Selichos
- ...
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Field Summary
Modifier and TypeFieldDescriptionprivate boolean
The default value isfalse
.private boolean
The default value istrue
.private boolean
The default value istrue
.private boolean
The default value istrue
.private boolean
The default value istrue
.private boolean
The default value istrue
.private boolean
The default value isfalse
.private boolean
The default value isfalse
.private boolean
The default value istrue
.private boolean
The default value istrue
.private boolean
The default value isfalse
.private boolean
The default value istrue
.private boolean
The default value istrue
. -
Constructor Summary
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Method Summary
Modifier and TypeMethodDescriptionboolean
isAlHanissimRecited
(JewishCalendar jewishCalendar) Returns if Al HaNissim is recited on the day in question.boolean
isHallelRecited
(JewishCalendar jewishCalendar) Returns if Hallel is recited on the day in question.boolean
isHallelShalemRecited
(JewishCalendar jewishCalendar) Returns if hallel shalem is recited on the day in question.boolean
isMashivHaruachEndDate
(JewishCalendar jewishCalendar) Returns if the date is the end date for reciting Mashiv Haruach Umorid Hageshem.boolean
isMashivHaruachRecited
(JewishCalendar jewishCalendar) Returns if Mashiv Haruach Umorid Hageshem is recited.boolean
isMashivHaruachStartDate
(JewishCalendar jewishCalendar) Returns if the date is the start date for reciting Mashiv Haruach Umorid Hageshem.boolean
isMizmorLesodaRecited
(JewishCalendar jewishCalendar) Returns if Is Mizmor Lesoda is recited on the day in question.boolean
Is Mizmor Lesoda set to be recited on Erev Yom Kippur, Erev Pesach and Chol Hamoed Pesach.boolean
isMoridHatalRecited
(JewishCalendar jewishCalendar) Returns if Morid Hatal (or the lack of reciting Mashiv Haruach following nussach Ashkenaz) is recited.boolean
Is tachanun is set to be recited on the 13th ofSivan
(Yom Tov Sheni shel Galuyos of the 7th day) outside Israel.boolean
Is tachanun set to be recited on 15Iyar
(sfaika deyoma ofPesach Sheni
) out of Israel.boolean
Is tachanun set to be recited at the end OfTishrei
.The Magen Avraham 669:1 and the Pri Chadash 131:7 state that some places to not recite tachanun during this period.boolean
Is tachanun set to be recited on Fridays.boolean
isTachanunRecitedMincha
(JewishCalendar jewishCalendar) Returns if tachanun is recited during mincha on the day in question.boolean
Is tachanun set to be recited in Mincha the entire year.boolean
Is tachanun set to be recited on mincha on erevLag Baomer
.boolean
Is tachanun set to be recited onPesach Sheni
.boolean
isTachanunRecitedShacharis
(JewishCalendar jewishCalendar) Returns if tachanun is recited during shacharis on the day in question.boolean
boolean
Is tachanun set to be recited on Sundays.boolean
Is tachanun set to be recited during the week after Shavuos.boolean
boolean
boolean
isVeseinBerachaRecited
(JewishCalendar jewishCalendar) Returns if Vesein Beracha is recited.boolean
isVeseinTalUmatarRecited
(JewishCalendar jewishCalendar) Returns if Vesein Tal Umatar Livracha (Sheailas Geshamim) is recited.boolean
isVeseinTalUmatarStartDate
(JewishCalendar jewishCalendar) Returns if it is the Jewish day (starting the evening before) to start reciting Vesein Tal Umatar Livracha (Sheailas Geshamim).boolean
isVeseinTalUmatarStartingTonight
(JewishCalendar jewishCalendar) Returns if true if tonight is the first night to start reciting Vesein Tal Umatar Livracha ( Sheailas Geshamim).boolean
isYaalehVeyavoRecited
(JewishCalendar jewishCalendar) Returns if Yaaleh Veyavo is recited on the day in question.void
setMizmorLesodaRecitedErevYomKippurAndPesach
(boolean mizmorLesodaRecitedErevYomKippurAndPesach) Sets if Mizmor Lesoda should be recited on Erev Yom Kippur, Erev Pesach and Chol Hamoed Pesach.void
setTachanunRecited13SivanOutOfIsrael
(boolean tachanunRecitedThirteenSivanOutOfIsrael) Sets if tachanun should be recited on the 13th ofSivan
(Yom Tov Sheni shel Galuyos of the 7th day) outside Israel.void
setTachanunRecited15IyarOutOfIsrael
(boolean tachanunRecited15IyarOutOfIsrael) Sets if tachanun should be recited on the 15th ofIyar
(Yom Tov Sheni shel Galuyos ofPesach Sheni
) out of Israel.void
setTachanunRecitedEndOfTishrei
(boolean tachanunRecitedEndOfTishrei) Sets if tachanun should be recited at the end ofTishrei
.void
setTachanunRecitedFridays
(boolean tachanunRecitedFridays) Sets if tachanun should be recited on Fridays.void
setTachanunRecitedMinchaAllYear
(boolean tachanunRecitedMinchaAllYear) Sets if tachanun should be recited in Mincha the entire year.void
setTachanunRecitedMinchaErevLagBaomer
(boolean tachanunRecitedMinchaErevLagBaomer) Sets if tachanun should be recited on erevLag Baomer
.void
setTachanunRecitedPesachSheni
(boolean tachanunRecitedPesachSheni) Sets if tachanun should be recited onPesach Sheni
.void
setTachanunRecitedShivasYemeiHamiluim
(boolean tachanunRecitedShivasYemeiHamiluim) void
setTachanunRecitedSundays
(boolean tachanunRecitedSundays) Sets if tachanun should be recited on Sundays.void
setTachanunRecitedWeekAfterShavuos
(boolean tachanunRecitedWeekAfterShavuos) Sets if tachanun should be recited during the week after Shavuos.void
setTachanunRecitedWeekOfHod
(boolean tachanunRecitedWeekOfHod) void
setTachanunRecitedWeekOfPurim
(boolean tachanunRecitedWeekOfPurim)
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Field Details
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tachanunRecitedEndOfTishrei
The default value istrue
. -
tachanunRecitedWeekAfterShavuos
The default value isfalse
. -
tachanunRecited13SivanOutOfIsrael
The default value istrue
. -
tachanunRecitedPesachSheni
The default value isfalse
. -
tachanunRecited15IyarOutOfIsrael
The default value istrue
. -
tachanunRecitedMinchaErevLagBaomer
The default value isfalse
. -
tachanunRecitedShivasYemeiHamiluim
The default value istrue
. -
tachanunRecitedWeekOfHod
The default value istrue
. -
tachanunRecitedWeekOfPurim
The default value istrue
. -
tachanunRecitedFridays
The default value istrue
. -
tachanunRecitedSundays
The default value istrue
. -
tachanunRecitedMinchaAllYear
The default value istrue
. -
mizmorLesodaRecitedErevYomKippurAndPesach
The default value isfalse
.
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Constructor Details
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TefilaRules
public TefilaRules()
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Method Details
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isTachanunRecitedShacharis
Returns if tachanun is recited during shacharis on the day in question. There are the many minhagim based settings that are available in this class that control what days are set for tachanun recital.- Parameters:
jewishCalendar
- the Jewish calendar day.- Returns:
- if tachanun is recited during shacharis.
- See Also:
-
isTachanunRecitedMincha(JewishCalendar)
isTachanunRecitedSundays()
isTachanunRecitedFridays()
isTachanunRecitedEndOfTishrei()
isTachanunRecitedWeekAfterShavuos()
isTachanunRecited13SivanOutOfIsrael()
isTachanunRecitedPesachSheni()
isTachanunRecited15IyarOutOfIsrael()
isTachanunRecitedShivasYemeiHamiluim()
isTachanunRecitedWeekOfPurim()
isTachanunRecitedWeekOfHod()
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isTachanunRecitedMincha
Returns if tachanun is recited during mincha on the day in question.- Parameters:
jewishCalendar
- the Jewish calendar day.- Returns:
- if tachanun is recited during mincha.
- See Also:
-
isVeseinTalUmatarStartDate
Returns if it is the Jewish day (starting the evening before) to start reciting Vesein Tal Umatar Livracha (Sheailas Geshamim). In Israel this is the 7th day ofMarcheshvan
. Outside Israel recitation starts on the evening of December 4th (or 5th if it is the year before a civil leap year) in the 21st century and shifts a day forward every century not evenly divisible by 400. This method will return true if vesein tal umatar on the current Jewish date that starts on the previous night, so Dec 5/6 will be returned by this method in the 21st century. vesein tal umatar is not recited on Shabbos and the start date will be delayed a day when the start day is on a Shabbos (this can only occur out of Israel).- Parameters:
jewishCalendar
- the Jewish calendar day.- Returns:
- true if it is the first Jewish day (starting the prior evening of reciting Vesein Tal Umatar Livracha (Sheailas Geshamim).
- See Also:
-
isVeseinTalUmatarStartingTonight
Returns if true if tonight is the first night to start reciting Vesein Tal Umatar Livracha ( Sheailas Geshamim). In Israel this is the 7th day ofMarcheshvan
(so the 6th will return true). Outside Israel recitation starts on the evening of December 4th (or 5th if it is the year before a civil leap year) in the 21st century and shifts a day forward every century not evenly divisible by 400. Vesein tal umatar is not recited on Shabbos and the start date will be delayed a day when the start day is on a Shabbos (this can only occur out of Israel).- Parameters:
jewishCalendar
- the Jewish calendar day.- Returns:
- true if it is the first Jewish day (starting the prior evening of reciting Vesein Tal Umatar Livracha (Sheailas Geshamim).
- See Also:
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isVeseinTalUmatarRecited
Returns if Vesein Tal Umatar Livracha (Sheailas Geshamim) is recited. This will return true for the entire season, even on Shabbos when it is not recited.- Parameters:
jewishCalendar
- the Jewish calendar day.- Returns:
- true if Vesein Tal Umatar Livracha (Sheailas Geshamim) is recited.
- See Also:
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isVeseinBerachaRecited
Returns if Vesein Beracha is recited. It is recited from 15Nissan
to the point thatvesein tal umatar is recited
.- Parameters:
jewishCalendar
- the Jewish calendar day.- Returns:
- true if Vesein Beracha is recited.
- See Also:
-
isMashivHaruachStartDate
Returns if the date is the start date for reciting Mashiv Haruach Umorid Hageshem. The date is 22Tishrei
.- Parameters:
jewishCalendar
- the Jewish calendar day.- Returns:
- true if the date is the start date for reciting Mashiv Haruach Umorid Hageshem.
- See Also:
-
isMashivHaruachEndDate
Returns if the date is the end date for reciting Mashiv Haruach Umorid Hageshem. The date is 15Nissan
.- Parameters:
jewishCalendar
- the Jewish calendar day.- Returns:
- true if the date is the end date for reciting Mashiv Haruach Umorid Hageshem.
- See Also:
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isMashivHaruachRecited
Returns if Mashiv Haruach Umorid Hageshem is recited. This period starts on 22Tishrei
and ends on the 15th day ofNissan
.- Parameters:
jewishCalendar
- the Jewish calendar day.- Returns:
- true if Mashiv Haruach Umorid Hageshem is recited.
- See Also:
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isMoridHatalRecited
Returns if Morid Hatal (or the lack of reciting Mashiv Haruach following nussach Ashkenaz) is recited. This period starts on the 15th day ofNissan
and ends on 22Tishrei
.- Parameters:
jewishCalendar
- the Jewish calendar day.- Returns:
- true if Morid Hatal (or the lack of reciting Mashiv Haruach following nussach Ashkenaz) is recited.
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isHallelRecited
Returns if Hallel is recited on the day in question. This will return true for both Hallel shalem and Chatzi Hallel. SeeisHallelShalemRecited(JewishCalendar)
to know if the complete Hallel is recited.- Parameters:
jewishCalendar
- the Jewish calendar day.- Returns:
- if Hallel is recited.
- See Also:
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isHallelShalemRecited
Returns if hallel shalem is recited on the day in question. This will always return false ifisHallelRecited(JewishCalendar)
returns false.- Parameters:
jewishCalendar
- the Jewish calendar day.- Returns:
- if hallel shalem is recited.
- See Also:
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isAlHanissimRecited
Returns if Al HaNissim is recited on the day in question.- Parameters:
jewishCalendar
- the Jewish calendar day.- Returns:
- if al hanissim is recited.
- See Also:
-
isYaalehVeyavoRecited
Returns if Yaaleh Veyavo is recited on the day in question.- Parameters:
jewishCalendar
- the Jewish calendar day.- Returns:
- if Yaaleh Veyavo is recited.
- See Also:
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isMizmorLesodaRecited
Returns if Is Mizmor Lesoda is recited on the day in question.- Parameters:
jewishCalendar
- the Jewish calendar day.- Returns:
- if Mizmor Lesoda is recited.
- See Also:
-
isTachanunRecitedWeekOfPurim
Is tachanun set to be recited during the week of Purim, from the 11th through the 17th ofAdar
(on a non-leap year, orAdar II
on a leap year). Some chasidishe communities do not recite tachanun during this period. See the Minhag Yisrael Torah 131 and Darkei Chaim Veshalom 191who discuss the minhag not to recite tachanun. Also see the Mishmeres Shalom (Hadras Shalom) who discusses the minhag of not reciting it on the 16th and 17th. -
setTachanunRecitedWeekOfPurim
Sets if tachanun should be recited during the week of Purim from the 11th through the 17th ofAdar
(on a non-leap year), orAdar II
(on a leap year). -
isTachanunRecitedWeekOfHod
Is tachanun set to be recited during the sefira week of Hod (14 - 20Iyar
, or the 29th - 35th of theOmer
). Some chasidishe communities do not recite tachanun during this week. See Minhag Yisrael Torah 131:Iyar. -
setTachanunRecitedWeekOfHod
Sets if tachanun should should be recited during the sefira week of Hod (14 - 20Iyar
, or the 29th - 35th of theOmer
).- Parameters:
tachanunRecitedWeekOfHod
- Sets if tachanun should be recited during the sefira week of Hod.- See Also:
-
isTachanunRecitedEndOfTishrei
Is tachanun set to be recited at the end OfTishrei
.The Magen Avraham 669:1 and the Pri Chadash 131:7 state that some places to not recite tachanun during this period. The Sh"UT Chasam Sofer on Choshen Mishpat 77 writes that this is the minhag in Ashkenaz. The Shaarei Teshuva 131:19 quotes the Sheyarie Kneses Hagdola who also states that it should not be recited. The Aderes wanted to institute saying tachanun during this period, but was dissuaded from this by Rav Shmuel Salant who did not want to change the minhag in Yerushalayim. The Aruch Hashulchan is of the opinion that that this minhag is incorrect, and it should be recited, and The Chazon Ish also recited tachanun during this period. See the Dirshu edition of the Mishna Berurah for details.- Returns:
- If tachanun is set to be recited at the end of
Tishrei
. - See Also:
-
setTachanunRecitedEndOfTishrei
Sets if tachanun should be recited at the end ofTishrei
.- Parameters:
tachanunRecitedEndOfTishrei
- is tachanun recited at the end ofTishrei
.- See Also:
-
isTachanunRecitedWeekAfterShavuos
Is tachanun set to be recited during the week after Shavuos. This is the opinion of the Pri Megadim quoted by the Mishna Berurah. This is since karbanos of Shavuos have tashlumim for 7 days, it is still considered like a Yom Tov. The Chazon Ish quoted in the Orchos Rabainu vol. 1 page 68 recited tachanun during this week.- Returns:
- If tachanun is set to be recited during the week after Shavuos.
- See Also:
-
setTachanunRecitedWeekAfterShavuos
Sets if tachanun should be recited during the week after Shavuos.- Parameters:
tachanunRecitedWeekAfterShavuos
- is tachanun recited during the week after Shavuos.- See Also:
-
isTachanunRecited13SivanOutOfIsrael
Is tachanun is set to be recited on the 13th ofSivan
(Yom Tov Sheni shel Galuyos of the 7th day) outside Israel. This is brought down by the Shaarie Teshuva 131:19 quoting the Sheyarei Kneses Hagedola 131:12that tachanun should not be recited on this day. Rav Shlomo Zalman Orbach in Halichos Shlomo on Shavuos 12:16:25 is of the opinion that even in chutz laaretz it should be recited since the yemei Tashlumin are counted based on Israel since that is where the karbanos are brought. BothisTachanunRecitedShacharis(JewishCalendar)
andisTachanunRecitedMincha(JewishCalendar)
only return false if the location is not set toIsrael
and bothtachanunRecitedWeekAfterShavuos
andsetTachanunRecited13SivanOutOfIsrael(boolean)
are set to false.- Returns:
- If tachanun is set to be recited on the 13th of
Sivan
out of Israel. - See Also:
-
setTachanunRecited13SivanOutOfIsrael
Sets if tachanun should be recited on the 13th ofSivan
(Yom Tov Sheni shel Galuyos of the 7th day) outside Israel.- Parameters:
tachanunRecitedThirteenSivanOutOfIsrael
- sets if tachanun should be recited on the 13th ofSivan
out of Israel. BothisTachanunRecitedShacharis(JewishCalendar)
andisTachanunRecitedMincha(JewishCalendar)
only return false if the location is not set toIsrael
and bothtachanunRecitedWeekAfterShavuos
andsetTachanunRecited13SivanOutOfIsrael(boolean)
are set to false.- See Also:
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isTachanunRecitedPesachSheni
Is tachanun set to be recited onPesach Sheni
. The Pri Chadash 131:7 states that tachanun should not be recited. The Aruch Hashulchan states that this is the minhag of the sephardim. The Shaarei Efraim 10:27 also mentions that it is not recited, as does the Siddur Yaavetz (Shaar Hayesod, Chodesh Iyar). The Pri Megadim (Mishbetzes Hazahav 131:15) and the Chazon Ish (Erev Pesahc Shchal Beshabos, page 203 in Rav Sheraya Devlitzky's comments).- Returns:
- If tachanun is set to be recited on
Pesach Sheni
. - See Also:
-
setTachanunRecitedPesachSheni
Sets if tachanun should be recited onPesach Sheni
.- Parameters:
tachanunRecitedPesachSheni
- sets if tachanun should be recited on Pesach Sheni.- See Also:
-
isTachanunRecited15IyarOutOfIsrael
Is tachanun set to be recited on 15Iyar
(sfaika deyoma ofPesach Sheni
) out of Israel. IfisTachanunRecitedPesachSheni()
istrue
this will be ignored even iffalse
.- Returns:
- if tachanun is set to be recited on 15
Iyar
(sfaika deyoma ofPesach Sheni
out of Israel. IfisTachanunRecitedPesachSheni()
istrue
this will be ignored even iffalse
. - See Also:
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setTachanunRecited15IyarOutOfIsrael
Sets if tachanun should be recited on the 15th ofIyar
(Yom Tov Sheni shel Galuyos ofPesach Sheni
) out of Israel. Ignored ifisTachanunRecitedPesachSheni()
istrue
.- Parameters:
tachanunRecited15IyarOutOfIsrael
- if tachanun should be recited on the 15th ofIyar
(sfaika deyoma ofPesach Sheni
) out of Israel.- See Also:
-
isTachanunRecitedMinchaErevLagBaomer
Is tachanun set to be recited on mincha on erevLag Baomer
.- Returns:
- if tachanun is set to be recited in mincha on erev
Lag Baomer
. - See Also:
-
setTachanunRecitedMinchaErevLagBaomer
Sets if tachanun should be recited on erevLag Baomer
.- Parameters:
tachanunRecitedMinchaErevLagBaomer
- sets if tachanun should be recited on mincha of erevLag Baomer
.- See Also:
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isTachanunRecitedShivasYemeiHamiluim
Is tachanun set to be recited during the Shivas Yemei Hamiluim, from the 23 ofAdar
on a non-leap-year orAdar II
on a leap year to the end of the month. Some chasidishe communities do not say tachanun during this week. See Darkei Chaim Veshalom 191. -
setTachanunRecitedShivasYemeiHamiluim
Sets if tachanun should be recited during the Shivas Yemei Hamiluim, from the 23 ofAdar
on a non-leap-year orAdar II
on a leap year to the end of the month.- Parameters:
tachanunRecitedShivasYemeiHamiluim
- sets if tachanun should be recited during the Shivas Yemei Hamiluim.- See Also:
-
isTachanunRecitedFridays
Is tachanun set to be recited on Fridays. Some chasidishe communities do not recite tachanun on Fridays. See Likutei Maharich Vol 2 Seder Hanhagos Erev Shabbos. This is also the minhag in Satmar.- Returns:
- if tachanun is set to be recited on Fridays.
- See Also:
-
setTachanunRecitedFridays
Sets if tachanun should be recited on Fridays.- Parameters:
tachanunRecitedFridays
- sets if tachanun should be recited on Fridays. Some chasidishe communities do not recite tachanun on Fridays.- See Also:
-
isTachanunRecitedSundays
Is tachanun set to be recited on Sundays. Some chasidishe communities do not recite tachanun on Sundays. See Likutei Maharich Vol 2 Seder Hanhagos Erev Shabbos.- Returns:
- if tachanun is set to be recited on Sundays.
- See Also:
-
setTachanunRecitedSundays
Sets if tachanun should be recited on Sundays.- Parameters:
tachanunRecitedSundays
- sets if tachanun should be recited on Sundays. Some chasidishe communities do not recite tachanun on Sundays.- See Also:
-
isTachanunRecitedMinchaAllYear
Is tachanun set to be recited in Mincha the entire year. Some chasidishe communities do not recite tachanun by Mincha all year round. See Nemukei Orach Chaim 131:3.- Returns:
- if tachanun is set to be recited in Mincha the entire year.
- See Also:
-
setTachanunRecitedMinchaAllYear
Sets if tachanun should be recited in Mincha the entire year.- Parameters:
tachanunRecitedMinchaAllYear
- sets if tachanun should be recited by mincha all year. If set to false,isTachanunRecitedMincha(JewishCalendar)
will always return false. If set to true (the default), it will use the regular rules.- See Also:
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setMizmorLesodaRecitedErevYomKippurAndPesach
public void setMizmorLesodaRecitedErevYomKippurAndPesach(boolean mizmorLesodaRecitedErevYomKippurAndPesach) Sets if Mizmor Lesoda should be recited on Erev Yom Kippur, Erev Pesach and Chol Hamoed Pesach. Ashkenazi congregations do not recite it on these days, while Sephardi congregations do. The default value isfalse
.- Parameters:
mizmorLesodaRecitedErevYomKippurAndPesach
- Sets if Mizmor Lesoda should be recited on Erev Yom Kippur, Erev Pesach and Chol Hamoed Pesach. If set to true (the default value isfalse
).- See Also:
-
isMizmorLesodaRecitedErevYomKippurAndPesach
Is Mizmor Lesoda set to be recited on Erev Yom Kippur, Erev Pesach and Chol Hamoed Pesach. Ashkenazi congregations do not recite it on these days, while Sephardi congregations do. The default value isfalse
.- Returns:
- if Mizmor Lesoda is set to be recited on Erev Yom Kippur, Erev Pesach and
Chol Hamoed Pesach. If set to true (the default value is
false
). - See Also:
-